Computer System

Agreement Figurer System

What is Computer System ?

A computer system is a set of integrated devices which takes input, procedure it and give output. Likewise it shop information and information.computer system allows users to input, manipulate and shop data. Reckoner systems include a CPU, monitor, keyboard, mouse and other optional components.

What is Reckoner ?

Definition : Reckoner is an electronic device that takes data as an input  and processes it nether the control of a set of instructions (called program) and and so produces a result (output), and all the prepare is chosen as computer system.

Computer System

Components of a computer system

All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components :

Memory  :  It is used to store data and programs.It may exist temporary or permanent
e.k RAM,ROM

Mass storage device :  Allows a computer to store large corporeality of data permanently.
e.1000 Hard disk.

Input device :  Any device that sends data to a computer is called input device.
e.grand keyboard and mouse

Output device  :  Whatsoever device  that outputs information or  data from a computer to some other device is chosen output device.
e.1000 display screen, printer

cardinal processing unit (CPU) :  This is also called as heart of the computer, CPU is responsible for  executes instructions. Information technology receives information input, executes instructions, and processes data and and so generate appropriate result.Sometimes referred to but as the key processor, but more than commonly called processor.

Input Devices
Keyboard, Mouse, Digitizing Tablet, Track Ball, Joystick, TouchScreen, Light Pen, Voice communication Recognition System, Digital photographic camera, Scanner, Magnetic Ink CharacterRecognition (MICR), Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Optical Mark Recognition (OMR), Barcode Reader

Output Devices
Monitor, Visual Brandish Terminal, Printer, Plotter, Figurer Output on Microfilm(COM), Video Output Arrangement, Audio Response Arrangement

Input-Output Devices
Hd, Floppy disk bulldoze, USB drive, CD drive, DVD drive.

Computer system parts

computer parts and functions

The Basic components of figurer system are given beneath :

computer system

a) Input Unit
b) Output Unit of measurement
c) CPU (Primal Processing Unit)
i) Command Unit ( C U)
ii) Arithmetics logic Unit ( A L U)
iii) Main Memory unit of measurement ( M M U)
 d) Storage Unit

a) Input Unit of measurement :

Computers need to receive data and educational activity in order to process the job. Therefore we need to input the information and instructions into the computers. Keyboard and mouse is the ane of the most commonly used input device.

b) Output Unit :

The output unit of a computer receive output from CPU (Central Processing Unit of measurement). Example of Output Unit is Printers,Monitor, etc. Other ordinarily used output devices are floppy disk bulldoze, hard deejay bulldoze, and magnetic tape drive.

c) CPU (Fundamental Processing Unit) :

This is main Role of computer system, Is as well known as processor and consist of three units which is as follow ,

               i) Control Unit ( C U)
               2) Arithmetic logic Unit ( A 50 U)
               three) Main Memory unit ( M Thousand U)

               i) Control Unit ( C U) :It controls all other units in the figurer. The control unit     instructs the input unit, where to store the data after receiving it from the user. A control unit (CU) handles all processor control signals, control unit of measurement directs the entire  calculator arrangement its also communicate with both the arithmetics logic unit  (ALU) and principal memory.The control Unit or CU Controls or coordinates all activities performed in a computer organization.

              ii) Arithmetic logic Unit ( A L U) : All calculations are performed in the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) of the reckoner. It also does comparison and takes decision.
Arithmetic operation comprises of (Add-on, subtraction, division, multiplication) and the logical unit of measurement carries out the operation such (AND, OR, Equal, less than, greater and then).
Data is transferred to ALU from storage unit when required. Whenever calculations are required, the command unit transfers the data from storage unit to ALU once the computations are washed, the results are transferred to the storage unit by the control unit so it is send to the output unit of measurement for displaying results.

                iii) Master Memory unit of measurement ( One thousand M U) : The main memory unit is used for storage of the re-create of the main software plan that controls the full general operation of the figurer.
and temporary storage of a copy of application programme instruction, to exist received by CPU for interpretation and processing or execution.

d) Storage Unit :

Storage unit is the unit which gives space to store information or instruction of processed data.
It stores information or didactics
It stores Results
It stores consequence of prepared data

There are mainly two types of storage Unit
              i) Principal Storage
             2) Secondary Storage

             i) Primary Storage : They are also called equally Main memory or in other words as RAM (Random Access Memory).
The master Storage cannot store huge amount of data, and the information store in this retentiveness is temporary (The data is lost when there is power failure), it is also called equally temporary retentiveness, they are very expensive.
The other instance of main Storage is L1 Cache of Processor ,RAM

         two) Secondary Storage : Secondary storage are likewise chosen as permanent storage unit every bit when the data store in this memory are stored permanently .The information remains in this memory even when in that location is a power failure or shutdown, they are much more cheaper then primary memory.
The Case of Secondary Storage are Hard disk and Zip drives

Types of Computers

According to size, operational and processing power computer is classified into different types.

Understanding Computer System

Calculator system types Operational Based

These are three types
i) Analog Computers
ii) Digital Computers
iii) Hybrid Computers

i) Analog Computers:
Analog reckoner tin can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously.These are almost extinct at present.

ii) Digital Computers:
These types of figurer uses 0 and 1 for data processing where 0 is for ON and 1 is OFF,it use digital circuits and are designed to operate.Digital computer is programmable. Digital computers are suitable for circuitous ciphering and take higher processing speeds.

iii) Hybrid Computers:
It is combination of both digital and analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments perform process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones.

Figurer organization types according to size and processing power.

The computers are broadly classified into 4 categories
i) Microcomputers
2) Minicomputers
3) Super Mini Computer
 iv) Mainframe computers
5) Supercomputer

i) Microcomputers:
These computer uses microprocessor and its cardinal processing unit. Thses are smaller in size every bit compare to mainframe computer. It is also chosen as personal estimator ,it utilize keyboard and mouse equally input device and monitor or screen as output device also computer memory in the form of RAM and a ability supply . These computers can fit on desks or tables

Personal computers :
It is minor in size, single-user computer, based on a microprocessor. A personal computer has a keyboard for entering information, a monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving information.
Example : desktops, laptops,Notebooks,Tablet and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs).

two) Minicomputers:
It is multi-user computer which is capable of supporting from 10 to 100 of users simultaneously.In terms of size and processing chapters, minicomputers lie in between mainframes and microcomputers. Its lie in between mainframes and microcomputer in terms of size and processing chapters. its also called mid-range systems or workstations.

3) Super Mini Calculator
These are 32 bit word length machines and back up retentivity sizes in the range 1 Thousand byte to 8 Chiliad bytes. The CPU speeds is about 2 million instructions per second. A wide range of fast peripherals are supported past these machines. Its application area is research and development, process control bigger commercial organisation.

iv) Mainframe Computers:
It is powerful multi-user calculator which is capable of supporting 100 to 1000 or more of users simultaneously. Mainframe estimator are used by large system for processing majority data and ERP or highly critical awarding.

v) Supercomputers:
An extremely fast calculator that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per 2d, it is basically used past scientist or researchers.
Its has parallel processing and well-designed memory hierarchy and large transaction processing powers its used for written report of Quantum physics, mechanics, weather condition forecasting, molecular theory.

Generation of computer

There are 5 generation of computer each generation is separated by technology used by them (hardware and software).

Generations of estimator
o Outset generation (1940 to 1956): Using vacuum tubes
o Second generation (1956 to 1963): Using transistors
o 3rd generation (1964 to 1971): Using integrated circuits
o Quaternary generation (1971 to present): Using microprocessors
o Fifth generation (present and next): Using artificial intelligence

First generation (1940 to 1956) :
First generation of computer used vacuum tubes . For input it used punched carte and for output it used printouts.

Examples : UNIVersal Automated Reckoner (UNIVAC), Electronic Numerical Integrator
And Calculator (ENIAC), and Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Reckoner
(EDVAC).

Second Generation (1956 to 1963):
Information technology used Transistors it is smaller and faster then second generation.Information technology used magnetic tapes and magnetic disks for
secondary storage. For input it use punched cards and the output using
printouts

Examples PDP-viii, IBM 1401 and CDC 1604.

3rd Generation (1964 to 1971):
It utilize Integrated Circuits (IC).Keyboard and monitor were used in this generation.

Examples IBM 370, PDP 11.

Fourth Generation (1971 to present):
Using Microprocessors and Big Calibration Integration (LSI) and the Very Big
Scale Integration (VLSI) engineering science.Microprocessor is a fleck containing millions of transistors and components

Examples The Intel 4004 fleck was the first microprocessor.. In 1984, Apple introduced the
Macintosh.

5th Generation (Present and Next):
The fifth generation computers are based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). They try to simulate the human way of thinking and reasoning. Artificial Intelligence includes areas like Good System (ES), Natural Language Processing (NLP), speech communication recognition, voice recognition, robotics, etc.

You May Also Enjoy Reading This …